200-year-old historical Kafkasor Bullfights Festival in Artvin

Bullfighting in Turkey, which has a 200-year-old history, differs significantly from the Spanish tradition. Unlike Spain, there is no matador and no human confrontation with the animal. Instead, two bulls wrestle in an arena under controlled conditions, with the objective being to separate and calm the animals once one bull retreats. The practice is rooted in rural culture and is intended to showcase the strength and breeding quality of the bulls rather than to cause harm.

The most prominent example of this tradition is the Kafkasör Bull Wrestling Festival, held annually in the highlands of Artvin, in northeastern Turkey. Taking place at the Kafkasör Plateau, the festival typically occurs in late June or early July and attracts thousands of spectators from across the country. The event has become a major cultural gathering, combining sporting competition with local music, folk dances, and traditional food.

During the festival, bulls are categorized by weight and age to ensure balanced matches. Experienced handlers, known as savrancılar, closely monitor the contests and intervene immediately to prevent injuries. Matches usually end within minutes when one bull turns away, signaling the conclusion of the bout. Strict rules prohibit excessive force, and injured animals are withdrawn from competition.

Beyond the arena, the Kafkasör Festival serves as a symbol of regional identity and heritage. For local communities, the event is not only a sporting tradition but also a social and economic occasion, supporting tourism and preserving customs passed down through generations. While animal welfare debates continue, organizers emphasize safety measures and cultural preservation, presenting the festival as a living example of Anatolia’s intangible cultural heritage.